Which federal sub-agency spends the most in FY2025?

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, with $1.9T obligated in FY2025.

What counts as a sub-agency?

A sub-tier organisation reporting to a cabinet department or independent agency: a bureau, a military command, an administration. USASpending records both tiers on every award.

Where does this ranking come from?

It is computed from USASpending.gov award records, which are U.S. government works and in the public domain. Each figure is the sub-agency's obligations for FY2025. TheFiscalFinder does the ranking; the underlying figures are the government's own.

How many sub-agencies are shown?

The top 100 for FY2025. Each row opens that sub-agencie's own page, where the same money is broken out by year, by counterparty and by place.

Does a high position mean anything is wrong?

No. This is a description of where public money went in FY2025, computed from public records. It is not an allegation about anyone on it.

Top federal sub-agencies by spending: FY2025

≈ computed · obligations

FY2025 · complete year · data as of 2026-09-01

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services obligated $1.9T in FY2025, the largest of any federal sub-agency. The bureaus, commands and administrations INSIDE the departments: the level at which spending decisions are actually made, and the level most spending coverage skips. Computed

Ranked from USASpending records. FY2020 to FY2026 are loaded.

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Quick findings

Computed

The top 10 account for 84% of the $5.3T combined total of all 100 sub-agencies listed.

#	Name	FY2025
1	Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Serviceswithin Health and Human Services	$1.9T
2	Social Security Administrationwithin Social Security Administration	$1.6T
3	Under Secretary for Benefits/Veterans Benefits Administrationwithin Veterans Affairs	$204.6B
4	Department of the Navywithin Defense	$177.3B
5	Food and Nutrition Servicewithin Agriculture	$136.2B
6	Department of the Armywithin Defense	$111.8B
7	Department of the Air Forcewithin Defense	$99.5B
8	Department of Educationwithin Education	$96B
9	Department of Energywithin Energy	$81.1B
10	Department of Veterans Affairswithin Veterans Affairs	$78.3B
11	Federal Highway Administrationwithin Transportation	$71.6B
12	Administration for Children and Familieswithin Health and Human Services	$64.6B
13	Defense Logistics Agencywithin Defense	$55.9B
14	Assistant Secretary for Public and Indian Housingwithin Housing and Urban Development	$48.5B
15	Federal Emergency Management Agencywithin Homeland Security	$47.4B
16	National Institutes of Healthwithin Health and Human Services	$41.1B
17	Environmental Protection Agencywithin Environmental Protection Agency	$27.3B
18	Federal Transit Administrationwithin Transportation	$23.9B
19	National Aeronautics and Space Administrationwithin National Aeronautics and Space Administration	$22.9B
20	Federal Acquisition Servicewithin General Services Administration	$20B
21	Defense Health Agencywithin Defense	$19.9B
22	Farm Service Agencywithin Agriculture	$19.7B
23	National Institute of Standards and Technologywithin Commerce	$18.6B
24	Federal Railroad Administrationwithin Transportation	$18B
25	Assistant Secretary for Community Planning and Developmentwithin Housing and Urban Development	$17.6B
26	Federal Aviation Administrationwithin Transportation	$15.9B
27	Railroad Retirement Boardwithin Railroad Retirement Board	$14.6B
28	Department of Statewithin State	$13.9B
29	Assistant Secretary for Housing--Federal Housing Commissionerwithin Housing and Urban Development	$12.6B
30	Agency for International Developmentwithin Agency for International Development	$12.6B
31	Health Resources and Services Administrationwithin Health and Human Services	$11.8B
32	U.S. Customs and Border Protectionwithin Homeland Security	$10.2B
33	Centers for Disease Control and Preventionwithin Health and Human Services	$9.9B
34	Rural Utilities Servicewithin Agriculture	$9.7B
35	Employment and Training Administrationwithin Labor	$9.2B
36	Missile Defense Agencywithin Defense	$9.1B
37	National Science Foundationwithin National Science Foundation	$8.9B
38	Forest Servicewithin Agriculture	$7.2B
39	Defense Information Systems Agencywithin Defense	$7.2B
40	Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporationwithin Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation	$6.6B
41	Indian Health Servicewithin Health and Human Services	$6.6B
42	Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administrationwithin Health and Human Services	$6.4B
43	Federal Communications Commissionwithin Federal Communications Commission	$6.3B
44	Under Secretary for Health/Veterans Health Administrationwithin Veterans Affairs	$5B
45	Ustranscomwithin Defense	$4.8B
46	Bureau of Indian Affairs and Bureau of Indian Educationwithin the Interior	$4.6B
47	U.S. Special Operations Commandwithin Defense	$4.3B
48	Public Buildings Servicewithin General Services Administration	$4B
49	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrationwithin Commerce	$4B
50	Internal Revenue Servicewithin the Treasury	$4B
51	U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcementwithin Homeland Security	$4B
52	Office of Procurement Operationswithin Homeland Security	$3.9B
53	Washington Headquarters Serviceswithin Defense	$3.8B
54	U.S. Coast Guardwithin Homeland Security	$3.6B
55	Natural Resources Conservation Servicewithin Agriculture	$3.3B
56	Departmental Officeswithin the Interior	$2.8B
57	Bureau of Reclamationwithin the Interior	$2.7B
58	National Park Servicewithin the Interior	$2.5B
59	United States Mintwithin the Treasury	$2.5B
60	U.S. Fish and Wildlife Servicewithin the Interior	$2.5B
61	Administration for Community Livingwithin Health and Human Services	$2.4B
62	Office of Justice Programswithin Justice	$2.3B
63	Offices, Boards and Divisionswithin Justice	$2.3B
64	Defense Advanced Research Projects Agencywithin Defense	$2.1B
65	Rural Housing Servicewithin Agriculture	$2.1B
66	Federal Bureau of Investigationwithin Justice	$2.1B
67	Federal Prison System / Bureau of Prisonswithin Justice	$2B
68	Transportation Security Administrationwithin Homeland Security	$2B
69	Agricultural Marketing Servicewithin Agriculture	$1.9B
70	Maritime Administrationwithin Transportation	$1.8B
71	Office of Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Responsewithin Health and Human Services	$1.7B
72	Office of the Assistant Secretary for Administration and Managementwithin Labor	$1.7B
73	Food and Drug Administrationwithin Health and Human Services	$1.6B
74	U.S. Marshals Servicewithin Justice	$1.5B
75	U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Serviceswithin Homeland Security	$1.4B
76	National Highway Traffic Safety Administrationwithin Transportation	$1.4B
77	National Institute of Food and Agriculturewithin Agriculture	$1.4B
78	Office of the Chief Financial Officerwithin Agriculture	$1.4B
79	Defense Microelectronics Activitywithin Defense	$1.3B
80	Rural Business Cooperative Servicewithin Agriculture	$1.2B
81	Defense Threat Reduction Agencywithin Defense	$1.1B
82	Immediate Office of the Secretary of Transportationwithin Transportation	$1.1B
83	Office of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Enforcementwithin the Interior	$1.1B
84	Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agencywithin Defense	$997.4M
85	Small Business Administrationwithin Small Business Administration	$995.5M
86	Insular Affairswithin the Interior	$867.5M
87	U.S. Patent and Trademark Officewithin Commerce	$858.5M
88	Foreign Agricultural Servicewithin Agriculture	$847M
89	Bureau of Land Managementwithin the Interior	$835.6M
90	Animal and Plant Health Inspection Servicewithin Agriculture	$797.8M
91	Office of the Assistant Secretary for Administrationwithin Health and Human Services	$727.7M
92	Departmental Officeswithin the Treasury	$714M
93	Corporation for National and Community Servicewithin Corporation for National and Community Service	$700.2M
94	Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administrationwithin Transportation	$695.2M
95	Office of the Secretarywithin Commerce	$679.6M
96	Bureau of Engraving and Printingwithin the Treasury	$665.7M
97	Drug Enforcement Administrationwithin Justice	$610.4M
98	Bureau of the Fiscal Servicewithin the Treasury	$577.2M
99	Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administrationwithin Transportation	$576.1M
100	U.S. Secret Servicewithin Homeland Security	$518.3M

Sub-agencies have no page of their own; each row opens its parent department, where the full sub-agency breakdown lives. Not every loaded year carries this breakdown.

Questions

Which federal sub-agency spends the most in FY2025?: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, with $1.9T obligated in FY2025.
What counts as a sub-agency?: A sub-tier organisation reporting to a cabinet department or independent agency: a bureau, a military command, an administration. USASpending records both tiers on every award.
Where does this ranking come from?: It is computed from USASpending.gov award records, which are U.S. government works and in the public domain. Each figure is the sub-agency's obligations for FY2025. TheFiscalFinder does the ranking; the underlying figures are the government's own.
How many sub-agencies are shown?: The top 100 for FY2025. Each row opens that sub-agencie's own page, where the same money is broken out by year, by counterparty and by place.
Does a high position mean anything is wrong?: No. This is a description of where public money went in FY2025, computed from public records. It is not an allegation about anyone on it.

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Why the labels? The graph is only worth anything if the links are trusted. Facts taken straight from a federal filing are Source; figures we calculate are Computed; links we infer (corporate parents, districts, similar contractors, connections between records) are Inferred, worded carefully, never asserted as fact and never a claim that one thing caused another. Spot an error? Tell us.