Member of Congress

Chris Pappas

U.S. Representative · NH-1 · Democrat

FY2026 ended Sep 30 · data still posting · data as of 2026-11-01†

† DoD contract data posts to USAspending about 90 days after award.

Represents NH-01 · on PolitiFinder → · PAC contributions ↓
Official website

Chris Pappas is the U.S. Representative for NH-1 (Democrat) who serves on 7 congressional committees, including as Ranking Member of House Committee on Veterans' Affairs: Economic Opportunity. In FY2026, federal awards worth $6.3B were performed in NH-01, New Hampshire's 1st District, inferred from place-of-performance addresses. FY2026 ended Sep 30 and its data is still posting. Computed

Follow the public money trail around this seat: the federal awards performed in NH-01, and the PAC contributions reported to the FEC. Federal work in a district is shown as public context, not a claim about this member’s role in any award.

Federal spending in New Hampshire's 1st District · FY2026 · data still posting

Inferred
Obligated for work performed here
$6.3B
Top recipient
Southern New Hampshire University $551.4M
Explore all federal spending in New Hampshire's 1st District →

Federal work in this district is shown as public context. It is not a claim about this member’s role in any award. Follow the money, not the corruption.

Committee assignments

House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure
House Committee on Veterans' Affairs
↳ House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure: Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation
↳ House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure: Highways and Transit
↳ House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure: Water Resources and Environment
↳ House Committee on Veterans' Affairs: Disability Assistance and Memorial Affairs
↳ House Committee on Veterans' Affairs: Economic OpportunityRanking Member

PAC contributions received

By election cycle, most recent first.Source

2026 cycle$250,750 from 61 PACs· the top 10 PACs gave 37% of it
Norpac$19,500
Air Line Pilots Association PAC$10,000
America's Credit Unions PAC of Credit Union National Association, Inc.$10,000
American Association for Justice Political Action Committee (Aaj PAC)$10,000
Professional Aviation Safety Specialists PAC$10,000
Progressive Turnout Project$10,000
International Association of Sheet Metal, Air, Rail and Transportation Workers Political Action League$7,500
End Citizens United$6,500
American Traffic Safety Services Association PAC$6,000
American Bankers Association PAC (Bankpac)$5,000
Show all 61 PACs
  1. American College of Radiology Association PAC$5,000
  2. American Federation of Govt. Empl. Political Action Committee$5,000
  3. American Optometric Association Political Action Committee$5,000
  4. Auto Care Association Political Action Committee$5,000
  5. Carpenters Legislative Improvement Committee United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners$5,000
  6. Federation of American Hospitals PAC$5,000
  7. Int'l Association of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers (Ipal)$5,000
  8. Int'l Union of Bricklayers and Allied Craftworkers$5,000
  9. Lgbtq Victory Fund Federal PAC$5,000
  10. National Active and Retired Federal Employees Association Political Action Com (Narfe-PAC)$5,000
  11. National Association of Surety Bond Producers Political Action Committee (Suretypac)$5,000
  12. National Beer Wholesalers Association Political Action Committee$5,000
  13. National Elevator Constructors PAC/ Intn'l Union of Elevator Constructors (NEC PAC)$5,000
  14. National Rural Letter Carriers' Association Political Action Committee$5,000
  15. National Stone, Sand & Gravel Association Rockpac$5,000
  16. The Council of Insurance Agents & Brokers Political Action Committee$5,000
  17. The Surety & Fidelity Association of America Political Action Committee$5,000
  18. Transport Workers Union of America Political Contributions Committee$5,000
  19. Ua Union Plumbers & Pipefitters Vote! PAC (United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry of the United States and Canada)$5,000
  20. American Israel Public Affairs Committee Political Action Committee$4,000
  21. American Postal Workers Union Committee on Political Action$4,000
  22. National Air Traffic Controllers Association PAC$3,500
  23. National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee$3,000
  24. Trucking Political Action Committee of the American Trucking Associations Inc.$3,000
  25. American Council of Engineering Companies (Acec/PAC)$2,500
  26. American Health Care Association Political Action Committee$2,500
  27. D.r.i.v.e. - Dem, Rep, Ind Voter Ed (the PAC of the Int'l Brhd of Teamsters)$2,500
  28. District No. 1-PCD, Marine Engineers' Beneficial Assoc. - Political Action Fund (Meba-Paf)$2,500
  29. Inland Empire Strikes PAC; the$2,500
  30. Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs$2,500
  31. Juntos PAC$2,500
  32. Masters, Mates and Pilots Political Contribution Fund$2,500
  33. Nutmeg PAC$2,500
  34. Spike PAC$2,500
  35. National Association of Postal Supervisors PAC$2,000
  36. Nea Fund for Children and Public Education$2,000
  37. National Confectioners Association of the United States, Inc. Political Action Committee (Candy PAC)$1,500
  38. American Maritime Officers Voluntary Political Action Fund$1,000
  39. American Physical Therapy Association Physical Therapy Political Action Committee (Pt-PAC)$1,000
  40. Associated Equipment Distributors Political Action Committee$1,000
  41. Dla Piper LLP (US) Political Action Committee (Dla Piper PAC)$1,000
  42. Houlapac$1,000
  43. International Franchise Association Franchising Political Action Committee Inc$1,000
  44. International Union of Painters and Allied Trades Political Action Together Political Committee$1,000
  45. Mortgage Bankers Association Political Action Committee (Morpac)$1,000
  46. National Association of Trailer Manufacturers Political Action Commitee$1,000
  47. National Business Aviation Association Inc Political Action Committee (Nbaa-PAC)$1,000
  48. Thompson Coburn Political Action Committee$1,000
  49. Transportation Trades Department Afl-CIO Political Action Committee (Ttd/PAC)$1,000
  50. Association of Fundraising Professionals Political Action Committee$750
  51. Waste Management Employees Better Government Fund$500
2024 cycle$1,159,928 from 253 PACs· the top 10 PACs gave 9% of it
American Israel Public Affairs Committee Political Action Committee$15,003
A New Direction PAC$10,000
Across the Aisle PAC$10,000
Air Line Pilots Association PAC$10,000
Allied Pilots Association Political Action Committee$10,000
American Association for Justice Political Action Committee (Aaj PAC)$10,000
American Association of Nurse Anesthetists Separate Segregated Fund (Crna-PAC)$10,000
American Bankers Association PAC (Bankpac)$10,000
American Council of Engineering Companies (Acec/PAC)$10,000
American Federation of Govt. Empl. Political Action Committee$10,000
Show all 253 PACs
  1. American Federation of State County & Municipal Employees P E O P L E$10,000
  2. American Federation of Teachers, Afl-CIO Committee on Political Education$10,000
  3. American Optometric Association Political Action Committee$10,000
  4. American Postal Workers Union Committee on Political Action$10,000
  5. Ameripac: The Fund for a Greater America$10,000
  6. Beyond Thoughts and Prayers PAC$10,000
  7. Blue Hen Federal PAC$10,000
  8. CA Luv PAC (California Leadership United for Victory PAC)$10,000
  9. Carpenters Legislative Improvement Committee United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners$10,000
  10. Communications Workers of America - Cope Political Contributions Committee$10,000
  11. D.r.i.v.e. - Dem, Rep, Ind Voter Ed (the PAC of the Int'l Brhd of Teamsters)$10,000
  12. End Citizens United$10,000
  13. Engineers Political Education Committee (Epec)/International Union of Operating Engineers$10,000
  14. Equality PAC$10,000
  15. Evergreen PAC$10,000
  16. Fair Shot PAC$10,000
  17. Granite Values PAC$10,000
  18. HMP$10,000
  19. International Association of Firefighters Interested in Registration and Education PAC$10,000
  20. International Union of Painters and Allied Trades Political Action Together Political Committee$10,000
  21. Jobs, Education, & Families First Jeff PAC$10,000
  22. Lgbtq Victory Fund Federal PAC$10,000
  23. Machinists Non Partisan Political League of the International Association of Machinists & Aerospace Workers$10,000
  24. Masters, Mates and Pilots Political Contribution Fund$10,000
  25. National Air Traffic Controllers Association PAC$10,000
  26. National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee$10,000
  27. National Automobile Dealers Association Political Action Committee$10,000
  28. National Beer Wholesalers Association Political Action Committee$10,000
  29. Nea Fund for Children and Public Education$10,000
  30. Netjets Association of Shared Aircraft Pilots PAC; Njasap PAC$10,000
  31. New Democrat Coalition Action Fund$10,000
  32. PAC to the Future$10,000
  33. Planned Parenthood Action Fund Inc PAC, Dba Planned Parenthood Federal PAC$10,000
  34. Professional Aviation Safety Specialists PAC$10,000
  35. Seiu Cope (Service Employees International Union Committee on Political Education)$10,000
  36. Southwest Airlines Pilots Association Political Action Committee (Swapa PAC)$10,000
  37. The Council of Insurance Agents & Brokers Political Action Committee$10,000
  38. The Surety & Fidelity Association of America Political Action Committee$10,000
  39. Amalgamated Transit Union - Cope$9,500
  40. National Stone, Sand & Gravel Association Rockpac$9,500
  41. National Association of Letter Carriers of U.S.A. Political Fund (Letter Carrier Political Fund)$9,000
  42. Progressive Turnout Project$9,000
  43. Human Rights Campaign PAC$8,542
  44. American Academy of Dermatology Association Political Action Committee (Skinpac)$8,500
  45. Inland Empire Strikes PAC; the$8,500
  46. Democratic Turnout Project PAC$8,000
  47. Int'l Association of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers (Ipal)$7,500
  48. Laborers' International Union of North America (Liuna) PAC$7,500
  49. Madison PAC; the$7,500
  50. Population Connection Action Fund PAC Pcaf PAC$7,500
  51. Associated Equipment Distributors Political Action Committee$7,000
  52. Bridge the Gap PAC$7,000
  53. Tried-And-True PAC$7,000
  54. Blue District Project$6,600
  55. Democrats Time in Nevada$6,600
  56. Putting New Hampshire First$6,600
  57. We Invest in Lives and Dreams (Wild) PAC$6,600
  58. International Association of Sheet Metal, Air, Rail and Transportation Workers Political Action League$6,500
  59. Beat the Odds PAC$6,300
  60. Getting Results by Engaging the Grassroots PAC$6,300
  61. Reviving American Jobs Again PAC Dba Equal Opportunity Now$6,006
  62. American Hospital Association PAC$6,000
  63. American Maritime Officers Voluntary Political Action Fund$6,000
  64. Beepac (Building Economic Empowerment PAC)$6,000
  65. Equality Project PAC$6,000
  66. Future Forum PAC$6,000
  67. National Association of Postal Supervisors PAC$6,000
  68. League of Conservation Voters Action Fund$5,131
  69. America's Credit Unions PAC of Credit Union National Association, Inc.$5,000
  70. American Bus Association Political Action Committee - Buspac$5,000
  71. American Physical Therapy Association Physical Therapy Political Action Committee (Pt-PAC)$5,000
  72. American Resort Development Association Resort Owners Coalition PAC (Arda-Roc PAC)$5,000
  73. Asian American Hotel Owners Association PAC (Aahoa PAC)$5,000
  74. Auto Care Association Political Action Committee$5,000
  75. Backpac$5,000
  76. Building Relationships in Diverse Geographic Environments PAC (Bridge PAC)$5,000
  77. Chutz PAC$5,000
  78. Committee for a Democratic Future$5,000
  79. Democrats Win Seats (Dws PAC)$5,000
  80. Employee Owned S Corporations of America PAC (Esca PAC)$5,000
  81. Follow the North Star Fund$5,000
  82. International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Allied Workers Political Action Committee$5,000
  83. Kidspac$5,000
  84. LA Bamba PAC$5,000
  85. National Active and Retired Federal Employees Association Political Action Com (Narfe-PAC)$5,000
  86. National Confectioners Association of the United States, Inc. Political Action Committee (Candy PAC)$5,000
  87. National Multifamily Housing Council and Real Estate Technology and Transformation Center Political Action Committee (Nmhc PAC)$5,000
  88. National Rural Electric Cooperative Association America's Electric Cooperatives PAC$5,000
  89. People in Rural Areas Transform Elections (Pirate) PAC$5,000
  90. Purpose PAC$5,000
  91. Shore PAC$5,000
  92. Silicorn Valley PAC$5,000
  93. Spike PAC$5,000
  94. Sustainable Energy and Environment Coalition PAC (Seec PAC)$5,000
  95. Transport Workers Union of America Political Contributions Committee$5,000
  96. Truedem Leadership Fund$5,000
  97. Ua Union Plumbers & Pipefitters Vote! PAC (United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry of the United States and Canada)$5,000
  98. Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America, Inc. Political Action Committee$5,000
  99. American Health Care Association Political Action Committee$4,500
  100. Puget PAC$4,300
  101. Environmental Defense Action Fund PAC (Edaf PAC)$4,046
  102. American Society of Anesthesiologists Political Action Committee (Asa PAC)$4,000
  103. American Society of Association Executives (Asae) PAC$4,000
  104. District No. 1-PCD, Marine Engineers' Beneficial Assoc. - Political Action Fund (Meba-Paf)$4,000
  105. FAA Managers Association Inc. PAC$4,000
  106. HMS Scrap PAC$4,000
  107. Mac PAC$4,000
  108. Supporting House Problem Solvers - SHP PAC$4,000
  109. Thompson Coburn Political Action Committee$4,000
  110. Transportation Trades Department Afl-CIO Political Action Committee (Ttd/PAC)$4,000
  111. Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association Political Action Committee$3,500
  112. American Seniors Housing Association (Seniors Housing PAC)$3,500
  113. American Traffic Safety Services Association PAC$3,500
  114. Commonwealth PAC$3,500
  115. Defend the Vote$3,500
  116. Humane World Action Fund Political Action Committee$3,500
  117. National Apartment Association Political Action Committee$3,500
  118. Patriot PAC$3,500
  119. Senior Care Pharmacy Coalition PAC$3,500
  120. Smart TD PAC$3,500
  121. Trucking Political Action Committee of the American Trucking Associations Inc.$3,500
  122. A Pleasant Peninsula PAC$3,300
  123. Generation Go Leadership PAC$3,300
  124. Timber PAC$3,300
  125. American Association of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons Political Action Committee$3,000
  126. American Defense and Military PAC$3,000
  127. Blue Momentum PAC$3,000
  128. CHC Bold PAC$3,000
  129. Elect More Democrats PAC$3,000
  130. Husky PAC$3,000
  131. Making a Difference PAC$3,000
  132. National Treasury Employees Union Political Action Committee$3,000
  133. Political Action Committee of the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons--PAC of Aaos$3,000
  134. Progressive Americans for Democracy$3,000
  135. Progressive Choices PAC$3,000
  136. Ripple of Hope PAC$3,000
  137. Science Truth and Expertise Matter PAC$3,000
  138. Serving Our Country (Soc) PAC$3,000
  139. The US Campaign Fund$3,000
  140. U.S. Travel Association PAC$3,000
  141. Wolverine PAC$3,000
  142. American Association of Nurse Practitioners Political Action Committee$2,500
  143. American Podiatric Medical Association Political Action Committee$2,500
  144. Argentum's Silver PAC$2,500
  145. Courage PAC$2,500
  146. Independent Insurance Agents & Brokers of America, Inc. Political Action Committee (Insurpac)$2,500
  147. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Political Action Committee$2,500
  148. International Franchise Association Franchising Political Action Committee Inc$2,500
  149. Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs$2,500
  150. Liftoff PAC$2,500
  151. Mother on a Mission (Mom PAC)$2,500
  152. National Association of Surety Bond Producers Political Action Committee (Suretypac)$2,500
  153. National Elevator Constructors PAC/ Intn'l Union of Elevator Constructors (NEC PAC)$2,500
  154. National Postal Mail Handlers Union - Division of Laborers' Int'l Union of North America$2,500
  155. National Tank Truck Carriers Inc Political Action Committee$2,500
  156. North America's Building Trades Unions Political Educational Fund$2,500
  157. Office and Professional Employees International Union (Opeiu) JB Moss Voice of the Electorate (Vote)$2,500
  158. Reproductive Freedom for All PAC$2,500
  159. Tree Care Industry Association, Inc PAC (the Voice for Trees PAC)$2,500
  160. United Postmasters and Managers of America Political Fund$2,500
  161. America Needs New Innovation and Energy PAC$2,000
  162. American Academy of Family Physicians Political Action Committee (Fammedpac)$2,000
  163. American College of Radiology Association PAC$2,000
  164. American Financial Services Association PAC$2,000
  165. American Innovation Political Action Committee (Ami PAC)$2,000
  166. American Mosaic PAC$2,000
  167. American Veterinary Medical Association Political Action Committee$2,000
  168. American Waterways Operators-PAC$2,000
  169. Athena PAC$2,000
  170. Blue Line PAC$2,000
  171. Blue Majority PAC$2,000
  172. Clean PAC$2,000
  173. Democracy Action Now PAC$2,000
  174. Democracy Summer Leadership PAC$2,000
  175. Democrats Reshaping America (Dreampac)$2,000
  176. Dmfi PAC$2,000
  177. Fighting Back PAC$2,000
  178. General Aviation Manufacturers Association Political Action Committee$2,000
  179. Hardwood Federation PAC, Inc$2,000
  180. Leading People Forward PAC$2,000
  181. National Asphalt Pavement Association Political Action Committee (Napa-PAC)$2,000
  182. National Association of Benefits and Insurance Professionals PAC (Nabip PAC)$2,000
  183. Natso Inc. Natso PAC$2,000
  184. People Helping People$2,000
  185. Political Action Committee of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees$2,000
  186. Seafarers Political Activity Donation - Seafarers International Union of Na-Agliw$2,000
  187. Small Business Investor Alliance PAC$2,000
  188. Sunflower Seeds PAC$2,000
  189. Sunshine Organization for Tremendous Opportunities PAC$2,000
  190. Victory in November Election PAC$2,000
  191. Association of Fundraising Professionals Political Action Committee$1,500
  192. National Association of Professional Employer Organizations (Napeo PAC)$1,500
  193. National Emergency Medicine Political Action Committee / American College of Emergency Physicians$1,500
  194. Putting People First PAC$1,500
  195. Sierra Club Political Committee$1,500
  196. A Love Supreme PAC$1,000
  197. Ahora PAC$1,000
  198. American Academy of Ophthalmology Inc Political Committee (Ophthpac)$1,000
  199. American College of Cardiology PAC (Heartpac)$1,000
  200. American Land Title Association Title Industry PAC (Tipac)$1,000
  201. American Medical Association Political Action Committee$1,000
  202. American Psychiatric Association Political Action Committee$1,000
  203. Animal Wellness Action PAC$1,000
  204. Bringing Everyone Together Through Advocacy$1,000
  205. Bryan Cave LLP Political Action Committee$1,000
  206. Carolina Victory Fund$1,000
  207. Common Sense Democrat PAC$1,000
  208. Defense, Economic Renewal, Education and Knowledge PAC$1,000
  209. Democrats United to Change and Hope PAC$1,000
  210. Doing Right - Results Action Unity Leadership PAC$1,000
  211. Dte Energy Company Political Action Committee$1,000
  212. Energy Marketers of America Small Business Committee PAC (Ema SBC PAC)$1,000
  213. Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund, Inc. PAC (Everytown PAC)$1,000
  214. Federation of American Hospitals PAC$1,000
  215. Frontera Vision PAC$1,000
  216. Fueling Individual Rights Everywhere (Fire) PAC$1,000
  217. Hope PAC$1,000
  218. Houlapac$1,000
  219. I.b.e.w. Local 103 Federal Political Action Committee$1,000
  220. Independent Community Bankers of America Political Action Committee (Icba PAC)$1,000
  221. Individuals Dedicated to Ethics and Science PAC$1,000
  222. Jersey Values PAC$1,000
  223. K&l Gates LLP Political Action Committee (DC)$1,000
  224. Mainstream PAC$1,000
  225. Mortgage Bankers Association Political Action Committee (Morpac)$1,000
  226. National Association of Broadcasters Political Action Committee (Nabpac)$1,000
  227. National Association of Convenience Stores Political Action Committee$1,000
  228. National Business Aviation Association Inc Political Action Committee (Nbaa-PAC)$1,000
  229. National Customs Brokers & Forwarders Association PAC$1,000
  230. National Marine Manufacturers Association and Marine Retailers Association Boat PAC$1,000
  231. New Economy PAC$1,000
  232. Not So Old Fashioned PAC$1,000
  233. Outdoor Advertising Association of America Political Action Committee$1,000
  234. Progressives Advancing United Leadership (Paulpac)$1,000
  235. Sac PAC$1,000
  236. Silk PAC$1,000
  237. Squire Patton Boggs Political Action Committee (Squire Patton Boggs PAC)$1,000
  238. Stop Project 2025$1,000
  239. Synergy PAC$1,000
  240. United Food and Commercial Workers International Union Active Ballot Club$1,000
  241. Visionary PAC$1,000
  242. Willamette Valley PAC$1,000
  243. National Association of Trailer Manufacturers Political Action Commitee$500
2022 cycle$1,052,775 from 244 PACs· the top 10 PACs gave 11% of it
Ameripac: The Fund for a Greater America$27,900
A New Direction PAC$10,000
Advancing Democracy and Mobilization PAC$10,000
Air Line Pilots Association PAC$10,000
Amalgamated Transit Union - Cope$10,000
America's Credit Unions PAC of Credit Union National Association, Inc.$10,000
American Association for Justice Political Action Committee (Aaj PAC)$10,000
American Bankers Association PAC (Bankpac)$10,000
American Federation of State County & Municipal Employees P E O P L E$10,000
American Federation of Teachers, Afl-CIO Committee on Political Education$10,000
Show all 244 PACs
  1. American Postal Workers Union Committee on Political Action$10,000
  2. Building Relationships in Diverse Geographic Environments PAC (Bridge PAC)$10,000
  3. Communications Workers of America - Cope Political Contributions Committee$10,000
  4. D.r.i.v.e. - Dem, Rep, Ind Voter Ed (the PAC of the Int'l Brhd of Teamsters)$10,000
  5. End Citizens United$10,000
  6. Engineers Political Education Committee (Epec)/International Union of Operating Engineers$10,000
  7. Equality PAC$10,000
  8. Equality Project PAC$10,000
  9. Follow the North Star Fund$10,000
  10. Future Forum PAC$10,000
  11. Granite Values PAC$10,000
  12. Int'l Association of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers (Ipal)$10,000
  13. International Association of Firefighters Interested in Registration and Education PAC$10,000
  14. International Union of Painters and Allied Trades Political Action Together Political Committee$10,000
  15. Jobs, Education, & Families First Jeff PAC$10,000
  16. Lgbtq Victory Fund Federal PAC$10,000
  17. Machinists Non Partisan Political League of the International Association of Machinists & Aerospace Workers$10,000
  18. National Air Traffic Controllers Association PAC$10,000
  19. National Association of Letter Carriers of U.S.A. Political Fund (Letter Carrier Political Fund)$10,000
  20. Nea Fund for Children and Public Education$10,000
  21. New Democrat Coalition Action Fund$10,000
  22. Population Connection Action Fund PAC Pcaf PAC$10,000
  23. Progressive Turnout Project$10,000
  24. Reproductive Freedom for All PAC$10,000
  25. Shore PAC$10,000
  26. The Council of Insurance Agents & Brokers Political Action Committee$10,000
  27. Ua Union Plumbers & Pipefitters Vote! PAC (United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry of the United States and Canada)$10,000
  28. Hudson Valley PAC$9,000
  29. National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee$9,000
  30. Professional Aviation Safety Specialists PAC$8,500
  31. Build Our Movement PAC$8,000
  32. Fair Shot PAC$8,000
  33. LA Bamba PAC$7,900
  34. Bend the Arc Jewish Action Inc. PAC$7,750
  35. Auto Care Association Political Action Committee$7,500
  36. CA Luv PAC (California Leadership United for Victory PAC)$7,500
  37. Laborers' International Union of North America (Liuna) PAC$7,500
  38. National Beer Wholesalers Association Political Action Committee$7,500
  39. Transport Workers Union of America Political Contributions Committee$7,500
  40. Planned Parenthood Action Fund Inc PAC, Dba Planned Parenthood Federal PAC$7,090
  41. American Council of Engineering Companies (Acec/PAC)$7,000
  42. American Physical Therapy Association Physical Therapy Political Action Committee (Pt-PAC)$7,000
  43. Defense, Economic Renewal, Education and Knowledge PAC$7,000
  44. Getting Results by Engaging the Grassroots PAC$6,800
  45. Backpac$6,500
  46. Inland Empire Strikes PAC; the$6,500
  47. National Confectioners Association of the United States, Inc. Political Action Committee (Candy PAC)$6,500
  48. Political Action Committee of the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons--PAC of Aaos$6,500
  49. Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America, Inc. Political Action Committee$6,500
  50. League of Conservation Voters Action Fund$6,102
  51. Supporting House Problem Solvers - SHP PAC$6,100
  52. Across the Aisle PAC$6,000
  53. American Academy of Dermatology Association Political Action Committee (Skinpac)$6,000
  54. American Federation of Govt. Empl. Political Action Committee$6,000
  55. American Hospital Association PAC$6,000
  56. Committee for a Democratic Future$6,000
  57. Human Rights Campaign PAC$6,000
  58. Southwest Airlines Pilots Association Political Action Committee (Swapa PAC)$6,000
  59. Spike PAC$5,800
  60. Zinc Collective PAC$5,700
  61. Ripple of Hope PAC$5,500
  62. America Needs New Innovation and Energy PAC$5,000
  63. American Academy of Family Physicians Political Action Committee (Fammedpac)$5,000
  64. American Resort Development Association Resort Owners Coalition PAC (Arda-Roc PAC)$5,000
  65. American Traffic Safety Services Association PAC$5,000
  66. Beepac (Building Economic Empowerment PAC)$5,000
  67. Beyond Thoughts and Prayers PAC$5,000
  68. Blue Majority PAC$5,000
  69. Carpenters Legislative Improvement Committee United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners$5,000
  70. Courage to Change$5,000
  71. Democrats Win Seats (Dws PAC)$5,000
  72. Evergreen PAC$5,000
  73. FAA Managers Association Inc. PAC$5,000
  74. HMP$5,000
  75. International Association of Sheet Metal, Air, Rail and Transportation Workers Political Action League$5,000
  76. National Active and Retired Federal Employees Association Political Action Com (Narfe-PAC)$5,000
  77. National Automobile Dealers Association Political Action Committee$5,000
  78. National Multifamily Housing Council and Real Estate Technology and Transformation Center Political Action Committee (Nmhc PAC)$5,000
  79. Onward Together Committee$5,000
  80. Smart TD PAC$5,000
  81. Sustainable Energy and Environment Coalition PAC (Seec PAC)$5,000
  82. The Next 50 PAC$5,000
  83. The US Campaign Fund$5,000
  84. Truedem Leadership Fund$5,000
  85. Democrats Time in Nevada$4,900
  86. Associated Equipment Distributors Political Action Committee$4,500
  87. One Voice$4,500
  88. Purpose PAC$4,500
  89. Pro-Israel America PAC$4,445
  90. American Israel Public Affairs Committee Political Action Committee$4,159
  91. American Defense and Military PAC$4,000
  92. National Association of Benefits and Insurance Professionals PAC (Nabip PAC)$4,000
  93. National Rural Letter Carriers' Association Political Action Committee$4,000
  94. Progressive Americans for Democracy$4,000
  95. Masters, Mates and Pilots Political Contribution Fund$3,915
  96. Blue Momentum PAC$3,500
  97. I Got Your Back PAC$3,500
  98. National Apartment Association Political Action Committee$3,500
  99. National Rural Electric Cooperative Association America's Electric Cooperatives PAC$3,500
  100. Reviving American Jobs Again PAC Dba Equal Opportunity Now$3,003
  101. Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association Political Action Committee$3,000
  102. All in PAC$3,000
  103. American Waterways Operators-PAC$3,000
  104. Blue Line PAC$3,000
  105. Brady PAC$3,000
  106. Citizens Organized Political Action Committee$3,000
  107. Democrats Reshaping America (Dreampac)$3,000
  108. Giffords PAC$3,000
  109. Kidspac$3,000
  110. Mac PAC$3,000
  111. Madison PAC; the$3,000
  112. Mainstream PAC$3,000
  113. National Association of Postal Supervisors PAC$3,000
  114. National Stone, Sand & Gravel Association Rockpac$3,000
  115. Synergy PAC$3,000
  116. Transportation Trades Department Afl-CIO Political Action Committee (Ttd/PAC)$3,000
  117. Uaw - V - Cap (Uaw Voluntary Community Action Program) 'Int'l Union United Automobile Aerospace & Agricultural Implement Workers of America Uaw$3,000
  118. Ahora PAC$2,900
  119. Axne PAC (Americans X-Pect New Energy)$2,900
  120. Beat the Odds PAC$2,900
  121. Blue District Project$2,900
  122. Greater Opportunities for Leadership Development (Gold PAC)$2,900
  123. Michigan's Future PAC$2,900
  124. More Perfect Union PAC$2,900
  125. Putting New Hampshire First$2,900
  126. We Invest in Lives and Dreams (Wild) PAC$2,900
  127. Environmental Defense Action Fund PAC (Edaf PAC)$2,612
  128. 1031 PAC$2,500
  129. Academy of Rail Labor Attorneys Political Action Committee$2,500
  130. American Innovation Political Action Committee (Ami PAC)$2,500
  131. American Mosaic PAC$2,500
  132. American Nurses Association PAC$2,500
  133. Blue Hen Federal PAC$2,500
  134. Blue Power PAC$2,500
  135. Defend the Vote$2,500
  136. District No. 1-PCD, Marine Engineers' Beneficial Assoc. - Political Action Fund (Meba-Paf)$2,500
  137. Federation of Exchange Accomodators 1031 PAC$2,500
  138. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Political Action Committee$2,500
  139. Mass PAC$2,500
  140. Milliken & Company PAC$2,500
  141. National Postal Mail Handlers Union - Division of Laborers' Int'l Union of North America$2,500
  142. National Treasury Employees Union Political Action Committee$2,500
  143. Office and Professional Employees International Union (Opeiu) JB Moss Voice of the Electorate (Vote)$2,500
  144. Progressive Majority PAC$2,500
  145. Service First PAC$2,500
  146. Society of Thoracic Surgeons Political Action Committee$2,500
  147. Thompson Coburn Political Action Committee$2,500
  148. U.S. Travel Association PAC$2,500
  149. Swing Left$2,174
  150. American Academy of Ophthalmology Inc Political Committee (Ophthpac)$2,000
  151. American Medical Association Political Action Committee$2,000
  152. American Society of Association Executives (Asae) PAC$2,000
  153. American Veterinary Medical Association Political Action Committee$2,000
  154. Article 1 Political Action Committee$2,000
  155. Bridge the Gap PAC$2,000
  156. Bringing Everyone Together Through Advocacy$2,000
  157. Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America PAC (US Chamber PAC)$2,000
  158. Dmfi PAC$2,000
  159. Dogwood PAC$2,000
  160. Elect More Democrats PAC$2,000
  161. HMS Scrap PAC$2,000
  162. Hardwood Federation PAC, Inc$2,000
  163. Humane World Action Fund Political Action Committee$2,000
  164. Individuals Dedicated to Ethics and Science PAC$2,000
  165. Institute of Makers of Explosives Political Action Committee$2,000
  166. Justice League PAC$2,000
  167. K&l Gates LLP Political Action Committee (DC)$2,000
  168. Latino Leaders for Equality, Growth, Opportunity, Progressive Action & Change (Llego-PAC)$2,000
  169. Leading People Forward PAC$2,000
  170. Mortgage Bankers Association Political Action Committee (Morpac)$2,000
  171. National Association of Broadcasters Political Action Committee (Nabpac)$2,000
  172. National Marine Manufacturers Association and Marine Retailers Association Boat PAC$2,000
  173. Policy Is Personal PAC$2,000
  174. Political Action Committee of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees$2,000
  175. Progressive Choices PAC$2,000
  176. Puget PAC$2,000
  177. Serving Our Country (Soc) PAC$2,000
  178. Silk PAC$2,000
  179. Sunshine Organization for Tremendous Opportunities PAC$2,000
  180. Tried-And-True PAC$2,000
  181. Wolverine PAC$2,000
  182. Sierra Club Political Committee$1,667
  183. American Association of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeons Political Action Committee$1,500
  184. American Bus Association Political Action Committee - Buspac$1,500
  185. American Maritime Officers Voluntary Political Action Fund$1,500
  186. Commonwealth PAC$1,500
  187. Trucking Political Action Committee of the American Trucking Associations Inc.$1,500
  188. A Woman's Place PAC$1,000
  189. Allied Pilots Association Political Action Committee$1,000
  190. American Academy of Neurology Brainpac$1,000
  191. American Association of Nurse Anesthetists Separate Segregated Fund (Crna-PAC)$1,000
  192. American Association of Nurse Practitioners Political Action Committee$1,000
  193. American Financial Services Association PAC$1,000
  194. American Optometric Association Political Action Committee$1,000
  195. American Psychiatric Association Political Action Committee$1,000
  196. American Seniors Housing Association (Seniors Housing PAC)$1,000
  197. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association PAC (Asha PAC)$1,000
  198. Athena PAC$1,000
  199. Build America PAC$1,000
  200. DFC Committee$1,000
  201. Democracy Action Now PAC$1,000
  202. Democracy Summer Leadership PAC$1,000
  203. Democrats United to Change and Hope PAC$1,000
  204. Edpac$1,000
  205. Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund, Inc. PAC (Everytown PAC)$1,000
  206. Global Business Travel Association Political Action Committee$1,000
  207. Hope PAC$1,000
  208. Husky PAC$1,000
  209. King & Spalding Nonpartisan Committee for Good Government$1,000
  210. Making Americans Count PAC (Mac PAC)$1,000
  211. Making a Difference PAC$1,000
  212. Maple PAC$1,000
  213. Maryland Association for Concerned Citizens Political Action Committee$1,000
  214. Mother on a Mission (Mom PAC)$1,000
  215. National Asphalt Pavement Association Political Action Committee (Napa-PAC)$1,000
  216. North America's Building Trades Unions Political Educational Fund$1,000
  217. Ocean State Political Action Committee (Ospac)$1,000
  218. Reasonable Independent Constructive and Effective PAC (Rice PAC)$1,000
  219. SD PAC$1,000
  220. Sac PAC$1,000
  221. Science Truth and Expertise Matter PAC$1,000
  222. Sea Change Leadership PAC$1,000
  223. Seafarers Political Activity Donation - Seafarers International Union of Na-Agliw$1,000
  224. See Change - Science Energy & Environment Change PAC$1,000
  225. Strengthening Virginia's Working Families PAC$1,000
  226. Sun Political Action Committee$1,000
  227. Team Blue PAC$1,000
  228. To Protect Our Heritage PAC$1,000
  229. United Postmasters and Managers of America Political Fund$1,000
  230. Wolf Pack$1,000
  231. Fight for Progress PAC$500
  232. National Association of Trailer Manufacturers Political Action Commitee$500
  233. National Wildlife Federation Action Fund Political Committee$143
  234. Democracy Engine, Inc., PAC$15
2020 cycle$789,347 from 204 PACs· the top 10 PACs gave 15% of it
PAC to the Future$20,000
Carpenters Legislative Improvement Committee United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners$15,000
HMP$15,000
Advancing Democracy and Mobilization PAC$10,000
Amalgamated Transit Union - Cope$10,000
American Federation of State County & Municipal Employees P E O P L E$10,000
American Federation of Teachers, Afl-CIO Committee on Political Education$10,000
Ameripac: The Fund for a Greater America$10,000
Communications Workers of America - Cope Political Contributions Committee$10,000
D.r.i.v.e. - Dem, Rep, Ind Voter Ed (the PAC of the Int'l Brhd of Teamsters)$10,000
Show all 204 PACs
  1. End Citizens United$10,000
  2. Engineers Political Education Committee (Epec)/International Union of Operating Engineers$10,000
  3. Equality PAC$10,000
  4. Future Forum PAC$10,000
  5. Granite Values PAC$10,000
  6. International Association of Firefighters Interested in Registration and Education PAC$10,000
  7. International Union of Painters and Allied Trades Political Action Together Political Committee$10,000
  8. Jobs, Education, & Families First Jeff PAC$10,000
  9. Lgbtq Victory Fund Federal PAC$10,000
  10. National Air Traffic Controllers Association PAC$10,000
  11. National Automobile Dealers Association Political Action Committee$10,000
  12. National Beer Wholesalers Association Political Action Committee$10,000
  13. Nea Fund for Children and Public Education$10,000
  14. Ripple of Hope PAC$10,000
  15. American Bankers Association PAC (Bankpac)$9,500
  16. Transport Workers Union of America Political Contributions Committee$9,500
  17. American Postal Workers Union Committee on Political Action$9,000
  18. Planned Parenthood Action Fund Inc PAC, Dba Planned Parenthood Federal PAC$9,000
  19. League of Conservation Voters Action Fund$8,580
  20. Bend the Arc Jewish Action Inc. PAC$8,557
  21. Madison PAC; the$8,000
  22. National Association of Realtors Political Action Committee$8,000
  23. Air Line Pilots Association PAC$7,500
  24. American Association for Justice Political Action Committee (Aaj PAC)$7,500
  25. Building Relationships in Diverse Geographic Environments PAC (Bridge PAC)$7,500
  26. National Association of Letter Carriers of U.S.A. Political Fund (Letter Carrier Political Fund)$7,500
  27. National Stone, Sand & Gravel Association Rockpac$7,500
  28. New Democrat Coalition Action Fund$7,500
  29. Smart TD PAC$7,500
  30. Democrats Win Seats (Dws PAC)$7,000
  31. Human Rights Campaign PAC$6,512
  32. Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association Political Action Committee$6,000
  33. Beepac (Building Economic Empowerment PAC)$6,000
  34. Committee for a Democratic Future$6,000
  35. Progressive Americans for Democracy$6,000
  36. Seiu Cope (Service Employees International Union Committee on Political Education)$6,000
  37. Sierra Club Political Committee$5,752
  38. A New Direction PAC$5,000
  39. America's Credit Unions PAC of Credit Union National Association, Inc.$5,000
  40. American Federation of Govt. Empl. Political Action Committee$5,000
  41. American Traffic Safety Services Association PAC$5,000
  42. American Waterways Operators-PAC$5,000
  43. Associated Equipment Distributors Political Action Committee$5,000
  44. CA Luv PAC (California Leadership United for Victory PAC)$5,000
  45. CHC Bold PAC$5,000
  46. District No. 1-PCD, Marine Engineers' Beneficial Assoc. - Political Action Fund (Meba-Paf)$5,000
  47. Evergreen PAC$5,000
  48. Int'l Association of Bridge, Structural, Ornamental and Reinforcing Iron Workers (Ipal)$5,000
  49. International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Political Action Committee$5,000
  50. Laborers' International Union of North America (Liuna) PAC$5,000
  51. Mainstream PAC$5,000
  52. Middle Class America PAC$5,000
  53. National Action Committee (Nacpac)$5,000
  54. Oceans PAC$5,000
  55. Onward Together Committee$5,000
  56. Progressive Turnout Project$5,000
  57. Southern California Fund$5,000
  58. The US Campaign Fund$5,000
  59. Ua Union Plumbers & Pipefitters Vote! PAC (United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing & Pipefitting Industry of the United States and Canada)$5,000
  60. Independent Insurance Agents & Brokers of America, Inc. Political Action Committee (Insurpac)$4,500
  61. Masters, Mates and Pilots Political Contribution Fund$4,500
  62. Shore PAC$4,500
  63. American Council of Engineering Companies (Acec/PAC)$4,000
  64. Blue Momentum PAC$4,000
  65. National Postal Mail Handlers Union - Division of Laborers' Int'l Union of North America$4,000
  66. Population Connection Action Fund PAC Pcaf PAC$4,000
  67. Professional Aviation Safety Specialists PAC$4,000
  68. Committee for a Livable Future$3,500
  69. National Confectioners Association of the United States, Inc. Political Action Committee (Candy PAC)$3,500
  70. National Marine Manufacturers Association and Marine Retailers Association Boat PAC$3,500
  71. Society of Thoracic Surgeons Political Action Committee$3,500
  72. Transportation Intermediaries Association's Tiapac$3,500
  73. Jstreetpac$3,250
  74. America Needs New Innovation and Energy PAC$3,000
  75. American Physical Therapy Association Physical Therapy Political Action Committee (Pt-PAC)$3,000
  76. Bridge the Gap PAC$3,000
  77. Fair Shot PAC$3,000
  78. National Association of Benefits and Insurance Professionals PAC (Nabip PAC)$3,000
  79. North America's Building Trades Unions Political Educational Fund$3,000
  80. One Voice$3,000
  81. Progressive Choices PAC$3,000
  82. Synergy PAC$3,000
  83. Transportation Trades Department Afl-CIO Political Action Committee (Ttd/PAC)$3,000
  84. Victory by Investing Building and Empowering (Vibe) PAC$3,000
  85. Wine and Spirits Wholesalers of America, Inc. Political Action Committee$3,000
  86. LA Bamba PAC$2,800
  87. More Perfect Union PAC$2,800
  88. American Academy of Ophthalmology Inc Political Committee (Ophthpac)$2,500
  89. American College of Cardiology PAC (Heartpac)$2,500
  90. American Maritime Officers Voluntary Political Action Fund$2,500
  91. Brady PAC$2,500
  92. Citizens Organized Political Action Committee$2,500
  93. FAA Managers Association Inc. PAC$2,500
  94. Friends of Israel Political Action Committee - Fipac$2,500
  95. International Association of Sheet Metal, Air, Rail and Transportation Workers Political Action League$2,500
  96. National Rural Electric Cooperative Association America's Electric Cooperatives PAC$2,500
  97. National Rural Letter Carriers' Association Political Action Committee$2,500
  98. National Treasury Employees Union Political Action Committee$2,500
  99. People's Bank Federal Political Action Committee$2,500
  100. Political Action Committee of the American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons--PAC of Aaos$2,500
  101. Political Action Committee of the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees$2,500
  102. Reproductive Freedom for All PAC$2,500
  103. The Council of Insurance Agents & Brokers Political Action Committee$2,500
  104. The Surety & Fidelity Association of America Political Action Committee$2,500
  105. Trucking Political Action Committee of the American Trucking Associations Inc.$2,500
  106. Zinc Collective PAC$2,143
  107. American Defense and Military PAC$2,000
  108. American Medical Association Political Action Committee$2,000
  109. American Nurses Association PAC$2,000
  110. Auto Care Association Political Action Committee$2,000
  111. Defense, Economic Renewal, Education and Knowledge PAC$2,000
  112. Giffords PAC$2,000
  113. Golden Rule PAC$2,000
  114. Hardwood Federation PAC, Inc$2,000
  115. Hope PAC$2,000
  116. Hudson Valley PAC$2,000
  117. Independent Community Bankers of America Political Action Committee (Icba PAC)$2,000
  118. Inland Empire Strikes PAC; the$2,000
  119. International Brotherhood of Boilermakers Campaign Assistance Fund$2,000
  120. Latino Leaders for Equality, Growth, Opportunity, Progressive Action & Change (Llego-PAC)$2,000
  121. National Association of Broadcasters Political Action Committee (Nabpac)$2,000
  122. Ocean State Political Action Committee (Ospac)$2,000
  123. Service First PAC$2,000
  124. Southwest Airlines Pilots Association Political Action Committee (Swapa PAC)$2,000
  125. American Bus Association Political Action Committee - Buspac$1,500
  126. Build America PAC$1,500
  127. The Center for Freethought Equality PAC$1,500
  128. Uaw - V - Cap (Uaw Voluntary Community Action Program) 'Int'l Union United Automobile Aerospace & Agricultural Implement Workers of America Uaw$1,500
  129. Norpac$1,200
  130. Reviving American Jobs Again PAC Dba Equal Opportunity Now$1,001
  131. 4 MA PAC$1,000
  132. Advanced Medical Technology Association Political Action Committee$1,000
  133. American Academy of Dermatology Association Political Action Committee (Skinpac)$1,000
  134. American Association of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry PAC (Aacap-PAC)$1,000
  135. American Association of Nurse Anesthetists Separate Segregated Fund (Crna-PAC)$1,000
  136. American Association of Nurse Practitioners Political Action Committee$1,000
  137. American Chemistry Council PAC$1,000
  138. American Financial Services Association PAC$1,000
  139. American Optometric Association Political Action Committee$1,000
  140. American Psychiatric Association Political Action Committee$1,000
  141. American Road & Transportation Builders Association PAC$1,000
  142. American Society for Radiation Oncology PAC (''Astro-PAC'')$1,000
  143. American Society of Anesthesiologists Political Action Committee (Asa PAC)$1,000
  144. American Society of Association Executives (Asae) PAC$1,000
  145. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association PAC (Asha PAC)$1,000
  146. Badgerpac$1,000
  147. Best 4 America$1,000
  148. Blue Majority PAC$1,000
  149. Brotherhood of Railroad Signalmen Political Action Committee$1,000
  150. Brunswick Corporation Good Government Fund$1,000
  151. Committee for Leadership and Progress$1,000
  152. Common Good PAC$1,000
  153. Democracy Summer Leadership PAC$1,000
  154. Edpac$1,000
  155. Everytown for Gun Safety Action Fund, Inc. PAC (Everytown PAC)$1,000
  156. Gateway to Leadership PAC$1,000
  157. HMS Scrap PAC$1,000
  158. Humane World Action Fund Political Action Committee$1,000
  159. Husky PAC$1,000
  160. International Franchise Association Franchising Political Action Committee Inc$1,000
  161. Jerry's Political Action Committee (Jerry's PAC)$1,000
  162. K&l Gates LLP Political Action Committee (DC)$1,000
  163. Kidspac$1,000
  164. Make IT in America PAC$1,000
  165. Making Americans Count PAC (Mac PAC)$1,000
  166. Making a Difference PAC$1,000
  167. Maple PAC$1,000
  168. Medical Device Manufacturers Association PAC$1,000
  169. Motorsports Acceptance Corporation Political Action Committee (Speed PAC)$1,000
  170. National Active and Retired Federal Employees Association Political Action Com (Narfe-PAC)$1,000
  171. National Association of Postal Supervisors PAC$1,000
  172. National Committee to Preserve Social Security & Medicare PAC$1,000
  173. National Emergency Medicine Political Action Committee / American College of Emergency Physicians$1,000
  174. National Telecommunications Cooperative Association Rural Broadband PAC$1,000
  175. Natso Inc. Natso PAC$1,000
  176. People Helping People$1,000
  177. Psychology PAC of American Psychological Association Services Inc.$1,000
  178. Reasonable Independent Constructive and Effective PAC (Rice PAC)$1,000
  179. Remedy PAC$1,000
  180. Sea Change Leadership PAC$1,000
  181. Seafarers Political Activity Donation - Seafarers International Union of Na-Agliw$1,000
  182. Serving Our Country (Soc) PAC$1,000
  183. Society of Independent Gasoline Marketers of America PAC (Sigma: America's Leading Fuel Marketers PAC)$1,000
  184. Spine PAC of the National Association of Spine Specialists$1,000
  185. Sunshine Organization for Tremendous Opportunities PAC$1,000
  186. Supporting House Problem Solvers - SHP PAC$1,000
  187. Tried-And-True PAC$1,000
  188. U.S. Travel Association PAC$1,000
  189. American Academy of Sleep Medicine Political Action Committee$500
  190. Association of Professional Flight Attendants (Apfa PAC) Political Action Committee$500
  191. Thompson Coburn Political Action Committee$500
  192. U.S.-Cuba Democracy Political Action Committee$500
  193. Barnes & Thornburg Political Action Committee$250
  194. Democracy Engine, Inc., PAC$2

contribution reported to the FEC, a public campaign-finance record.

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Why the labels? The graph is only worth anything if the links are trusted. Facts taken straight from a federal filing are Source; figures we calculate are Computed; links we infer (corporate parents, districts, similar contractors, connections between records) are Inferred, worded carefully, never asserted as fact and never a claim that one thing caused another. Spot an error? Tell us.